

Only one Roman municipium is attested for the whole area: municipium Aelium Augusta Vindelicum (now Augsburg), which was granted municipal status under Hadrian. The inhabitants were not necessarily uncivilized—inscriptions prove that some of them were literate before the Roman conquest—but land so mountainous was not worth anything to Rome, and they were left alone.Martin Goodman (222-223) The Roman World


The
Upper German-Raetian Limes was set up not least in order to militarily
secure the much shorter Roman highway from Augsburg via Günzburg and
Cannstatt to Mainz, which was built around fifteen years later.
The
Allgäustraße from Augsburg over the Septimerpass to Northern Italy ran
via Cambodunum (Kempten) and Brigantium, today's Bregenz on Lake
Constance.The Via Julia connected Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicum) with Salzburg (Iuvavum).Under
Septimius Severus, the Via Raetia was fortified and gradually expanded
into a road accessible by carriage. The via raetia led from Verona via
Sterzing, the Brenner, Innsbruck and the Seefelder Sattel to Augusta
Vindelicum.



Abusina (Eining)
Abusina was a Roman military camp located about 500 metres south of today's Einingen town centre on the Danube between the road leading to Sittling and the Abens river, which flows into the Danube just north of the fort and which was once eponymous for the Roman town. It's the best preserved Roman fort in Bavaria. The
name Abusina was derived from the Abens, a tributary of the Danube. The
site was chosen where the Danube crossing branches off from the Roman
road and running parallel to the Raetian limes. The stone fort at 1.8
hectares is rather small for the requirements of a fort and probably
accommodated only one vexillation. In ancient times it was in a strategically and geographically important position. From there, both shipping traffic on the Danube and a road junction at this point could be controlled, where one traffic route branched off from the Roman Donausüdstraße in a south-easterly direction and another led across a Danube ford to the west. The closest larger garrisons were the Alen - Fort Pförring on the northern bank of the Danube, opposite today's Neustadt an der Donau, and Castra Regina. A small disadvantage of the location was the lack of line of sight to Fort Pförring, below, and to the beginning of the Limes section near Hienheim, which was also on the northern bank of the Danube. It could have been compensated by an additional watchtower on the vineyard. Abusina is today a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the few fully exposed and reconstructed in its foundations fortifications at this border section.
Foundations of the Prinzipia (staff building), the semicircular building serving as the flag shrine (aedes).

In the early 2nd century, probably towards the end of the reign of Trajan, the Cohors IIII Gallorum was replaced by a Vexillatio, a detachment of about 500 to 600 men from the Cohors II Tungrorum milliaria equitata. This assignment is an exemplary characteristic of the mobility, flexibility and thus modernity of the Exercitus Romanorum. Whilst the parent unit remained stationed in Britain, it was easily possible to deploy the detachment of this force in the distant Danube region in the meantime. A little later, between 138 and 147, presumably the Vexillatio of a sister unit, the Cohors IIII Tungrorum milliaria equitata, took its place for a few years.


Cohors I Praetoria's Trajan on the way to Abusina and Drake Winston in front of the real thing at Munich's Glyptothek.

[Pro salute dd(ominorum) nn(ostrorum)] // Imp(eratoris) [Caes(aris) M(arci) A]ur(eli) Antonini Pii / [Aug(usti) [[et Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris) P(ubli) Sept(imi) Getae Aug(usti)]]] et Iul[iae] // Aug(ustae) matri(s) Aug[[[g(ustorum)]]] et kast(rorum) I(ovi) O(ptimo) [M(aximo)] / et Iun(oni) Re(ginae) et Miner(vae) sac(rum) Genio / coh(ortis) III Brit(annorum) aram T(itus) Fl(avius) Felix / praef(ectus) ex voto posuit l(ibens) m(erito) / dedicavit Kal(endis) Dec(embribus) / Gentiano et Basso co(n)s(ulibus)
which can be translated as:
T. Flavius Felix dedicated this altar to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, Iuno Regina, Minerva and the genius of the cohors III Britannorum as the praefectus of the unit, for the well-being of the imperial family, Emperors Caracalla and Geta and their mother Iulia Domna. Hedius Lollianus Terentius Gentianus and Pomponius Bassus held their consulship in 211.
Drake beside the fantastic bust of Caracalla in the British Museum in London, and reimagined as he would have apeared in life. At the end of February 212, Caracalla killed Geta. A period of terror followed in Rome and in the provinces in which Cassius Dio (lxxvii.4,1) records some twenty thousand people being killed. Sometime during the spring of 213, Caracalla left Rome for Gaul, putting the governor of the province to death. From here his entourage followed the Rhone valley towards Upper Germany reaching Mogontiacum (Mainz) on the Rhine, the traditional Roman operation base in Barbaricum. Then he stopped at Aquae (Baden-Baden) and paid a personal visit here in the fort at Abusina. The Acta Fratrum Arvalium recorded that on August 11, 213 the emperor arrived at the frontier of Raetia and crossed it in Barbaricum. The same source mentions that on October 8, 213 in Rome, on the Capitolium was hailed the Victoria Germanica of Caracalla. Recently it has been established that the inscriptions from Pannonia recording an expeditio Germanica, or a bellum Germanicum are related to the same expedition against the Alamanni who invaded Raetia.

Abbot Werner, head of the Weltenburg monastery, remarks in the chronicle of his monastery that he wrote that the altar had eventually found itself "brought into the village and used as a corner stone in the sacristy of the church. In this condition I examined it in 1780.” In 1784 the altar was sent to the Academy of Sciences in Munich where, he continues to write, "it had to stand at the entrance for many years without any archaeologist having pity on it.” In 1814 the altar was held within the Antiquarium in the Munich Residence and finally in the Bavarian National Museum.The two smaller upper fragments of the stone were found in 1887 and 1915 respectively and were also taken to Munich. However, the monument itself had been completely destroyed during the Second World War where fortunately in addition to this copy on the fort grounds in Eining, there is another, better preserved copy in the Archaeological State Collection in Munich.


On
the left side of the monument, the goddess Fortuna is depicted holding a
cornucopia in her left hand, symbolising fertility and prosperity. Her
right hand holds a rudder on the ground, symbolising that Fortuna, the
goddess of fate, holds human fate in her hand. The right side of the
stone shows the genius of the third Britannic cohort mentioned in the
inscription, who is the guardian spirit of the troops. He also holds a
cornucopia in his left arm and with his right hand makes a sacrifice
from a bowl on a flaming round altar.
The cohors III Britannorum was probably raised shortly after Roman rule was established on the British Isles, in order to pacify the region by drawing the local youth into the Roman army. During the Year of the Four Emperors, several troops recruited amongst Britons sided with Emperor Galba and subsequently with Emperor Vitellius under command of A. Caecina Alienus. Upon Vespasian's eventual victory, the cohors III Britannorum was transferred to Raetia. Here in Eining two military diplomas issued to soldiers of the cohors III Britannorum were recovered. It's possible that the cohors III Britannorum was transferred to the fort of Eining under the reign of Emperor Hadrian. During the military reorganisation of Emperor Antoninus Pius in the years around 160, the fort at Eining was reconstructed, probably by soldiers of the cohors III Britannorum. This was part of a coordinated strengthening of the entire regional Limes section in Antonine times which quickly became necessary. During the Marcomanni Wars, the province of Raetia came under severe distress and at least partially and temporarily escaped Roman control. The fort and vicus of Eining were also destroyed for the first time. The area between Abusina and Castra Regina was probably not brought back under control until around 175 CE by the Legio III Italica stationed in Regensburg. After the rebuilding of the fort and the camp village, Abusina began a phase of calm and prosperity that lasted into the first third of the 3rd century. The political highlight of this period was the visit of the Emperor Caracalla in Eining in 213. Caracalla had to go to Raetia to conduct a preventive war against the north against the gathering Alemanni. The military operations that have now been initiated were so successful that they freed the province, including Abusina, from the pressure of the Alemanni for another two decades. From the year 233, however, the relatively stable times for the border residents were a thing of the past. In the course of the first Alemanni invasion, Abusina was destroyed again. More waves of Alemannic raids and conquests followed, until in 260 the Roman border defence in Raetia almost completely collapsed and the province sank into chaos. Eining was also burned down again in this last Alemanni storm. Numerous hoard finds, including the famous Eining hoard which was discovered by chance in 1975, bear witness to this time. This find is one of the most important archaeological discoveries in Bavaria, along with the treasures from Weißenburg and Straubing , and contains parts of Roman parade armour and is now part of the Archaeological State Collection in Munich. The 3rd British Cohort and the 3rd Italian Legion were among the few surviving military units and were the last stabilizing factors in the region.The Abusina cohort stayed in its garrison until the Diocletian - Constantinian army reforms at the end of the 3rd and beginning of the 4th century and the expansion of the Danube-Iller-Rhine-Limes which could calm the situation in the border areas. The reforms created a larger mobile army stationed in the hinterland and reduced the strength of the troops standing directly on the border, whose barracks were converted into smaller and more strongly fortified structures. Such changes in the Roman army structure are reflected in the Eining Fort with the staff of the British cohort presumably reduced to 140 men and in the south-west corner of the old fort, including ditches, a small castle-like fortress was built on less than a quarter of the previous area. The barriers for the remaining three quarters were also maintained in the period that followed; the old fort area was used by both the military and the civilian population. The latter had not rebuilt the old Eininger vicus after 260, but now sought protection behind the walls of the fort. The final fall of Abusina occurred around the middle of the 5th century, probably as a result of an advance by the Alamanni from the west. It is possible that the last Romans remaining under the protection of the fortification belonged to those who were saved by the evacuation measures of Severin of Noricum.

Excavations
at the beginning of the 20th century of the principia and me during the
2016 Römerfest at Kastell Eining, a Roman auxiliary fort on the Danube
about twenty miles from Regensburg (Castra Regina).
Large
scale excavations from the 1870s onwards, their subsequent exposure,
consolidation and partial covering by roofs led after many years of
interest to phases of neglect and decay, due to increasing maintenance
costs. A first large scale renovation in the 1950s attempted to solve
this problem in a long- term way with modern wall, partially on top of
Roman foundations but in other parts in their replacement, and a lot of
concrete. As no continuous care followed, further consolidation work had
to be done in the 1970s leading to even more loss of the original.
After the initiative of a local interest group, “Historia Romana e. V.",
plans to develop and to display the fort somehow as it was laid out
originally are now competing with the present state as a landscape park
with ancient and artificial ruins as well as a nature reserve.
The porta decumana on the right, the rear gate of the fort. The current concrete and steel structure in the middle of the access to the river-side extends as a footbridge over the sloping terrain created by a team of designers from Düsseldorf who were allowed to revamp the site (if not the structures) in 2010. The porta decumana was normally located at the midpoint of the rear rampart of aRoman fort, and from it the via decumana ran up to the back of the principia, dividing the retentura into two zones, one to the left and one to the right.
In
front of the northern front of the camp was a large, heated mansio, or
rest station, with a small bathing wing, a hostel and horse changing
station for business travelers on behalf of the state. At
the beginning of the imperial era road stations were built at regular
intervals along the most important Roman roads about every thirty miles
or so. At first they primarily served the cursus publicus
( such as "state transport" post) before later expanding with other
buildings and also used very heavily by travelers and traders. One
would have traveled from one mansio to the next each day. A large
driveway led to the rest stop (many digs were usually Ushaped)
consisting of stables and car depots, as well as dining and guest rooms.
This particular mansio served also as the headquarters of the
beneficiaries, a type of road police with customs powers that was
responsible for the security of the Roman road network. The porta decumana on the right, the rear gate of the fort. The current concrete and steel structure in the middle of the access to the river-side extends as a footbridge over the sloping terrain created by a team of designers from Düsseldorf who were allowed to revamp the site (if not the structures) in 2010. The porta decumana was normally located at the midpoint of the rear rampart of aRoman fort, and from it the via decumana ran up to the back of the principia, dividing the retentura into two zones, one to the left and one to the right.


During the military reorganisation of Emperor Antoninus Pius in the years around 160, the fort at Eining was reconstructed, plausibly by soldiers of the cohors III Britannorum. The presence of the unit is at Eining is undebated by scholars, as it is well documented on military constitutions, imperial and votive inscriptions as well as tilestamps. Eining continued to be part of Raetia after the collapse of the Raetian Limes in 254. The NotitiaDignitatum lists a 'cohors III Brittorum' in Eining (Abusina), which might be identical to the cohors III Britannorum of the Principate.Farkas István Gergő (149-150) The Roman Army in Raetia
The
fort's thermal baths, probably built around the middle of the 2nd
century, shown in 1915 and today. Several construction phases lay on top
of each other in the excavated walls, which can no longer be safely
separated from one another today. Again, it can be seen how much has
been reconstructed since the war. The bath had been destroyed at least
once during the Marcomann Wars in around 170 and then rebuilt with
further expansions and modifications. The older thermal baths were only
twenty meters in length but eventually were significantly expanded
further to 38 meters. Immediately in front of the south side was a small
bathroom measuring 6.5 x 7 metres leading some to posit that this small
luxury bathroom was built especially for the visit of Emperor Caracalla
or perhaps was simply reserved for higher-ranking people, officers or
the camp commandant.
At the reconstructed Roman Villa Rustica Möckenlohe which lies between
Eichstätt and Ingolstadt on the lower slopes of the Franconian Jura to
the Danube River. The fertile land promoted a dense settlement of this
area with Roman farms at the end of the 1st century CE. The museum is a
reconstruction of the partially still visible antique remains. The stone
house was built in the 2nd half of the 1st century by Romans and
destroyed in 233 by the Alemanni. Many finds indicate a previous
settlement in this place. 
The main house was excavated from 1987 to
1989, and was rebuilt in 1992 and 1993. A colonnade links two protruding
buildings to form a typical villa with protruding façade bays. The
west section had a representational room with an apse and a hypocaust
heating system, which is still visible in places, as well as two
sleeping chambers to the north. The east wing had a cellar, whose rubble
walls still stand up to a height of 1.5 metres. Above the cellar was
the kitchen. Heavy beams supported the Roman tile roof. The museum
offers a unique chance in southern Germany to literally enter into
provincial Roman living culture. The exhibits are all objects found on
the grounds of the Villa Rustica. Thus, despite the randomness of their
conservation, they illustrate the individual fate of a "familia" as well
as antique housekeeping and farming within the history of the Roman
Empire. The animal park is a further attraction. The animals kept here,
horses, longhorn cattle, woolly pigs, goats, sheep and chickens are
typical Roman farm animals. Antique grain types are farmed and harvested
with Roman harvesting machines. 
Today the site offers a pet park containing a large number of Roman breeds of the time as well as the opportunity to experience grinding at the rustic mill, fiddling with the former iron castle or riding, combined with a carriage ride. In addition, the equestrian center has a qualified social and riding pedagogue for therapeutic riding.
Another
Roman fort nearby is that at Weltenburg-Frauenberg on the Danube
outside Kelheim and the Weltenburg monastery. More a fortlet also known
as Weltenburg-Galget, this had been constructed on the low hill
overlooking the bend of Danube near present-day Weltenburg offering an
advantageous location, as the Danube takes a sharp bend here, which
allowed viewing a wide section of the area north of the riverbank.
As a result, on the west side towards the steeply sloping bank of the Danube, there was obviously no need for a surrounding ditch. In the south, towards the ascending slope, as well as in the east of the fortification, three parallel trenches were archaeologically accessible. Remains of prehistoric and late Roman settlement are both present on the
'Wolfgangswall hill, along with Roman finds of the 1st century such as
coins, militaria, glass and ceramics. It was constructed either under
the reign of Emperor Claudius or in Flavian times in order to guard
traffic on the Roman road in the Am Galget valley.
Based
on scarce finds, Fischer suggested that the fortlet was constructed
under the reign of Emperor Claudius or in Flavian times in order to guard traffic on the Roman road in the Am Galget valley, although Farkas István Gergő in his Roman Army in Raetia
argues that "it is altogether unlikely that a sole Roman fortlet were
established on the lower Danubian ripa preceding the last decades 1st
century." What little material was found at the site comprised entirely ofceramic fragments of mortars, two shards of so-called "soldiers' plates " with Pompeian red overlay and remains of amphorae. The only fragment of glass came from a blue ribbed bowl. The main parts of the metal finds include iron nails and bronze remains, of which only one handle holder can be identified. For a more precise dating of the fort site, Rind was able to use a disc brooch with doplphins and an as, the basic denomination of the Roman currency before the introduction of the denarius around 211 BCE, struck in Rome from the reign of Emperor Claudius.
Later considerations brought a date to the Claudian- Early Flavian period suggesting that the fortification could also have been establihsed during the reign of Vespasian.


The site was a destination for treasure hunters early on. Prehistoric finds and especially Celtic coins have been found. Aventinus reported the legend that Saint Rupert of Salzburg had a chapel here built over a Minerva temple. The building visible there today is a baroque church that was built under Abbot Maurus Bächl in the early 18th century. The first proper excavations took place in 1909 in the monastery itself and in the adjoining monastery garden. In addition to two garbage pits from the older Bronze Age, a Celtic cemetery was also found, its three dead uncovered having been buried in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. The next excavation was not carried out until 1938 when a small area was uncovered near the northeast slope of the mountain. Again traces of settlement from the older Bronze Age was found as well as the remains of a Celtic child buried at this point in the middle of the settlement.



In the early second century, perhaps under Trajan, wooden watchtowers appeared for the first time on the stretch between the Rhine and Danube, but it is only in Hadrian’s reign that a barrier element, an oak palisade, was added alongside the patrol track which ran in front of the towers. In the middle of the century the (now probably decrepit) wooden towers were replaced with stone towers, and at or after the beginning of the third century the final change was implemented: in Upper Germany a ditch was dug between the fence and the towers, and in Raetia the fence was replaced with a 3-meter-high wall. The construction of watchtowers (which would also have facilitated lateral signaling) would have been a very obvious thing to do once troops with the basic function of exploratores became static for even a few days. However, we should remember that once the towers were built, their existence is not evidence that they were occupied permanently: for long periods they may have been visited only by patrols, or manned in times of heightened alert.Erdkamp (231) A Companion to the Roman Army

Weißenburg
Weißenburg fort in ancient Biriciana is a former Roman Ala castellum, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located near the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes. It lies in the borough of Weißenburg. Today the castellum with its remains of buildings- some of which have been preserved underground- the reconstructed north gate, the large thermal baths and the Roman museum with integrated Limes information centre is one of the most important addresses for Limes research in Germany. The remains of the cavalry fort built in the year 90 as part of Trajan’s military reorganisation include the North Gate shown left with Drake in front (reconstructed in 1990), the preserved walls, as well as a visualisation of the fort’s stone buildings with stone panels.
Drake beside what I assume is the tombstone of Gaius Romanius Capito which belongs to the type of equestrian tombstone that developed around the middle of the 1st century and was widespread in the Rhineland. The original should be in the Mittelrheinisches Museum in Mainz, where it was found in 1804. Capito died at the age of 40 after 19 years of service, far from his home as mentioned in the inscription: Celeia, today Celje in Slovenia
C(aius) Romanius / eq(ues) alae Norico(rum) / Claud(ia) Capito / Celeia an(norum) XL stip(endiorum) XIX / h(ic) s(itus) e(st) h(eres) ex t(estamento) f(aciendum) c(uravit)
(Caius Romanius Capito, of the Claudian voting- tribe, from Celeia, cavalryman of the Ala Noricorum, aged 40, served 19 years, lies here. His heir saw to the erection of the monument, in accordance with the will). Romanius is shown on horseback riding down a native warrior. He wears a mail shirt, with shoulder- pieces, a helmet and a long sword suspended from a belt over his left shoulder. He carries an oblong shield and raises a spear to strike at the barbarian. Behind is a servant or slave with two extra spears. Romanius is a citizen, from Celeia in Noricum. His regiment was based in the later Julio-Claudian period at or near Mainz.
Drake at the Oppidum of Manching, a
large Celtic proto-urban or city-like settlement at modern-day
Manching, near Ingolstadt. The settlement was founded in the 3rd century
BCE and existed until about 50-30 BCE, reaching its largest extent
within the late 2nd century BCE, when it had a size of 380 hectares. At
that time, five to ten thousand people lived within its five mile walls.
Thus, the Manching oppidum was one of the largest settlements north of
the Alps. The ancient name of the site is unknown, but it is assumed
that it was the central site of the Celtic Vindelici tribe.




The fort at Pförring was the easternmost fort on the Raetian Limes, situated on the Biburg plateau, a terrace surrounded by steep slopes, northwest of today's Pförring. Its main task was to supervise the road running north of the Danube leading to Abusina. Mayer described gateways, ramparts and moats clearly visible to the naked eye in 1838 when many coins, especially from the reign of Hadrian, were found. Fink had carried out the first excavations between 1891 and 1893 under the ægis of the Reichs-Limeskommission during which time he identified four gates, a double ditch and the principia. Aerial surveys and geophysical prospection offered further details of the fort’s inner layout and attested that the vicus surrounded the fort on three sides (west, south and east). The cemetery was located northeast of the fort, along the road leading to Eining. The fort covered an area of 3.9 hectares, with sides 194 × 201 metres long respectively.
In 2007 the excavation site was invaded at night and material from documented findings as well as metal objects found by netal detectors were stolen. Above is shown the attempt to reconstruct the east gate as an
hideous steel frame, built in 2013 in which five to seven metre long
bored piles were driven into the ground and a concrete slab was imposed
directly over the ancient foundations. The entire undeveloped area of
the fort and neighbouring camp village is threatened by intensive
agriculture, erosion and ongoing robbery excavations. No excavations
have taken place inside the fort since 1893. The formerly restored
remains of the east gate and the north corner tower have fallen into
disrepair again.
Abusina in Eining is just outside the fashionable spa town of Bad Gögging. Its history as a spa begins with the Romans as is obvious given references to Marcus Aurelius, Trajan and even Tiberius are everywhere. The sulfur springs of today's health resort used by the Romans and were probably already known at the time of Titus around 80, when the Cohors IIII Gallorum built the Abusina fort to secure the Danube line. What is certain is that Trajan himself visited the area around 110 and the garrison built a thermal bath which housed a caldarium , a sudatoriumand a frigidarium. When the local church of St. Andreas was rebuilt in the early 1960s, the remains of the baths from Roman times were found. Under its floor was a Roman bathing pool with an associated heating system, the so-called hypocaust heating. The pool has a size of 10.8 by 7.8 metres. The stamps on the bricks indicate that the bath was financed by both state and private assets of the emperor and was therefore of great importance. So far, however, it has only been possible to uncover parts of the Roman thermal baths of Bad Gögging, as they are located under the town centre. The Roman history of Bad Gögging is closely related to that of the nearby Roman fort Abusina built in 79 and expanded in stone under the emperors Domitian and Trajan.


Inside the Roman musem overlooking the baths in the former St. Andreas (Andrew) church
It is unclear how long the baths were in operation and whether they were destroyed during the Marcomanni wars of 174, the Alemanni invasion of 260 or survived long enough to be wiped under the Huns in 450 by which time Abusina had largely been destroyed. However, the central bathing pool remained unaffected. The relics that were excavated from 1960 to 1970 under today's St. Andrew's Church can be viewed in the Roman Museum which now, with ironic justice, has taken over the church itself. The church itself is Romanesque and has a sculpture portal that is stylistically related to the art of the Magistri Comacini. The tympanum shown here on the left over the main door shows Christ as judge of the world between two angels. The side reliefs show various allegorical figures that represent sin or human vices. The larger fields refer to the Old and New Testaments and are related to each other. Such diverse scenes on a Romanesque portal of a local church are a rarity in southern Bavaria.
Two white concrete replicas by
the two artists Herbert Karl and Markus Wurmer, located behind
the museum in Altmannstein on the Limes bike and hiking trail on the
Schambach of the memorial stones erected by King Maximilian II in 1861, together with a stainless steel band shaped according to the course of the Upper German-Raetian Limes, forming an attempt at art. Entitled "Limes on Line," visitors are invited to go "on line", to enter and cross this boundary, in the real as well as in the figurative sense. The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes runs a few hundred metres south on a hill. The original memorial read: Landmark
between the former empire of the Romans and Teutons. Beginning at the
so-called Haderfleck between Hienheim and Weltenburg. Main west
direction through Bavaria and Würtenberg to Rems and Lorch, Sodan
northwest to the Main and Rhine. The Pfahlrain runs from the Danube over Altmannstein,the
Landshuter - Beilngrieser Staatstrasse near Sandersdorf over Zandt past
here to Kipfenberg. The Pfahlrain Limes Danubianus, Vallum
Hadriani also Probi, later called the Devil's Wall, built under Emperor
Hadrian and even more fortified under Probus.
On the steepest part of the Meßnerberg about 470 metres above sea level beside WP 15/31. This stone tower which was 6 × 4.7 metres, had two special features- its ground-level access, which is rarely seen in the Limes watchtowers, was not, as usual, in the middle, on the back of the tower, but on the side on the northwest flank. The Limes wall had been added on both sides of the stone tower at a later date. The tower had already been identified labeled in 1959. Baatz reported in 1993 that the stone tower had been preserved as a high mound of rubble and that the hole from the RLK excavation was still visible within. Only “small remnants” of the wooden tower were preserved